As cities around the world continue to grow, urban heat island (UHI) effects have become a critical issue, exacerbated by climate change. These effects lead to elevated temperatures in urban areas compared to their rural surroundings, increasing heat stress on vulnerable populations. Urban green spaces, such as parks, trees, and green roofs, are known to mitigate these heat islands by providing cooling benefits through shade, evapotranspiration, and overall reduction in ambient temperatures. However, the cooling effects of urban green spaces and their potential to improve human health are not uniform across cities or even within a city. This research investigates how the cooling efficiency of urban green spaces varies across different urban contexts and examines the resulting health benefits, with particular focus on how these impacts can reduce heat-related morbidity and mortality.

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